One of the flagship programs undertaken by Yayasan Wakaf Paramadina (YWP) since 2008 has been the “Religious Freedom Mainstreaming”. Through this program, we seek to continue to work on and to keep strengthening what has been the chief mission of the YWP all this time, i.e. to create the foundation for and to develop further the pluralism discourse in Indonesia. As is publicly known, since its founding – among others by the late Nurcholis Madjid – more than two decades ago (1986), YWP has been actively conducting studies, discussions and seminars, and issuing publications on the issue.
Under this framework, one of the major constraints that have continued to haunt us has been the still rampant acts of violence committed in the name of religion. These acts of violence take the form of both sectarian and communal violence as well as thuggery and terrorism. This is highly regretful especially in light of the fact that we are now living in an era of democracy which is growing stronger and stable, and conflicts should be solved through peaceful means.
Together with other component in Indonesia, YWP hopes to foster a joint effort to eliminate the use of violence in solving religious conflict. This way we can hope that the rights of religious freedom of every citizen can be fully enjoyed.
Up to this date, however, it has been an unfortunate affair that we still have not yet had reliable basis of data for charting out the patterns of religious conflict in our country, which can help us to understand the issue better and thereby enable us to consider more things when designing and planning for follow-up activities. By “reliable” we mean that the database should be built on strong theoretical and conceptual basis, up to date and accurate, using a fully accountable methodology, and executed in an honest and careful manner.
Based on the above arguments we conducted this study and publicized the result. The study, using Kompas and Antara, two of the most reliable national publications, as the source of information, hoped to provide a glimpse into the patterns of religious conflict in Indonesia between January 1990 and August 2008. The period allows us to analyze various religious conflicts that occurred during the New Order regime (1990-1998), the period of transition towards early democracy (1998-2004), and the new democratic regime (2004-2008). The study mostly tried to determine whether religious conflict was solved through peaceful means or by means of violence, the underlying issues, their geographic spread, players and victims, and the manner with which the security forces responded to the incidence.
It is our hope that this study is useful for the strengthening of the discourse of pluralism in Indonesia. We also hope this study is useful for further studies on similar issue.
Like any other activities, this study had its own drawbacks and limitations. Some of them were already explained in this report. Therefore, we would be grateful for any inputs from our readers to help improve our performance in the future.
This study was possible through the cooperation between YWP and Program Magister Perdamaian dan Resolusi Konflik, Universitas Gadjah Mada (Postgraduate Program for Peace and Conflict Resolution-Gadjah Mada University/MPRK-UGM), and The Asia Foundation (TAF). In addition to this joint effort, we are also collaborating to run the Police, Civil Society and Religious Conflict in Indonesia program to contribute to the protection of religious freedom in the country by ensuring that religious conflict is solved through peaceful means.
Last, we would like to thank everybody who has helped make the study possible. It is our hope that this effort will be useful.
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